“We Are Negroes!”: The Haitian Zambo, Racial Spectacle, and the Performance of Black Women’s Internationalism, 1863–1877 | To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism | Illinois Scholarship Online (2024)

“We Are Negroes!”: The Haitian Zambo, Racial Spectacle, and the Performance of Black Women’s Internationalism, 1863–1877 | To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism | Illinois Scholarship Online (1) To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism

Keisha N. Blain (ed.), Tiffany M. Gill (ed.)

Published:

2019

Online ISBN:

9780252051166

Print ISBN:

9780252042317

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Brandon R. Byrd

Brandon R. Byrd

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15–37

  • Published:

    March 2019

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Byrd, Brandon R., '“We Are Negroes!”: The Haitian Zambo, Racial Spectacle, and the Performance of Black Women’s Internationalism, 1863–1877', in Keisha N. Blain, and Tiffany M. Gill (eds), To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism (Champaign, IL, 2019; online edn, Illinois Scholarship Online, 19 Sept. 2019), https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042317.003.0002, accessed 14 July 2024.

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Abstract

This essay examines the ideas and activism of a woman calling herself Madame Parque, who traveled across the United States giving lectures to black and white audiences during the 1870s. Claiming to be a well-educated, multilingual, and mixed-race Haitian educator, Parque spoke at courthouses, black churches, and black schools throughout the United States, mocking racism and sexism and celebrating Afro-diasporic history and black identity. The woman who presented herself as a Haitian named Madame Parque emboldened African Americans striving for meaningful freedom and prodded white Americans to develop more enlightened perspectives about black people. Her story captures the dynamic ways in which black women influenced the directions of black thought in the postemancipation United States.

Keywords: Haiti, French, black thought, black nationalism, racial uplift, Pan-Africanism, Sexism, Racism, religion

Subject

Race and Ethnicity

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